By Shahd Nimir
Although natural intelligence plays a huge role in achieving it, motivation is the most contributing factor to academic success. Academic motivation is described as “the causes of behaviors that are in some way related to academic functioning and success”. An individual could be naturally intelligent and have excellent problem-solving skills but their lack of motivation can hinder their academic performance. Some psychological theories have explained the reasons for motivations and they can help individuals find ways in which they can improve their academic performance.
Expectancy-Value Theory
The expectancy-value theory focuses on the value of an anticipated outcome of a task. For example, a student may find value in scoring well on a math exam because it reflects that they have a clear understanding of the subject matter. The expectancy component of this theory comes from how well the individual believes they will perform on a given task. This determines how much effort they will put into preparing for this task. For example, if a student feels confident about a topic, they may study for a short amount of time but they are struggling then the opposite will occur. One can take advantage of this theory by applying it to their habits. By relating success in smaller tasks or goals to larger future goals, you can find more value in them, motivating you to do better.
Interest Theory
Under the interest theory, motivation does not depend on any outside incentives or rewards. Rather, it is based solely on interest and personal significance of the topic. The drive to learn or master a skill is what motivates the individual. This is based on optimal arousal which is the psychological construct in which physical performance, learning, or feelings of well-being are maximized to the fullest extent. For example, a student with an interest in chemistry will experience optimal arousal when discovering new topics or understanding the basis of chemical theories that they are already aware of. In order to benefit from interest theory, students can force interest in a topic through embracing curiosity. Naturally, asking questions and finding answers leads to interest in a topic.
Achievement Goal Theory
In achievement goal theory, motivation is based on achieving a goal for one’s gain or to fuel one’s ego such as getting a good grade to prove a point to another person. Although achievement goal theory can be a driving force to success, it can also cause more harm than good. The issue with it is that it ties self-worth too closely with academic success. This can cause self-esteem and confidence issues but it is important to remember that grades don’t define who you are. It can be beneficially useful to view good test scores as rewards, but instead of viewing low scores as punishment, use them as motivation to improve.
Recognizing that natural intelligence, while important, is not the sole determinant of academic success can allow you to overcome academic challenges. In implementing theories such as expectancy-value theory, interest theory, or achievement goal theory, individuals can reshape their mindset, and positively impact their academic performance.
Works cited:
- https://link.springer.com/artile/10.1007/s10648-023-09767-9#citeas
- https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_834#:~:text=Academic%20motivation%20refers%20to%20the,with%20obstacles%20
Astra Stem 
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